Геополітичне становище Південної Київщини як чинник формування політичної самостійності українського козацтва
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Анотація
Анотація. Метою статті є аналіз чинників геополітичних трансформацій, які визначили процес формування політичної самостійності саме українського козацтва на етапі до появи ранньомодерної Української козацької держави у середині XVII ст. Наукова новизна. Трансформація української козаччини з аморфної групи порубіжних промисловців у стан нової еліти українського суспільства ранньомодерної доби є унікальним явищем в історії не лише України. Однак досить часто ця обставина декларується без належного пояснення чинників, які зумовили таку кардинальну соціологічну видозміну. Тому ми звернули увагу на один із найважливіших таких чинників, яким був фактор специфіки геополітичного становища Південної Київщини впродовж другої половини XV – першої половини XVII ст. Зокрема, було з’ясовано його вплив на формування політичної самостійності українського козацтва. Це мало надзвичайно важливе значення для динаміки етносоціальних процесів у межах всієї тогочасної української спільноти. Висновки. Напівавтономний статус південних староств Київського воєводства і у складі Великого князівства Литовського, і у складі Речі Посполитої був основою для розвитку політичної самостійності українського козацтва, а також пізнішої екстраполяції вже «козацького устрою» на ці терени. Ці процеси мали епохальне значення для формування ранньомодерної української нації та були зумовлені радикальними геополітичними трансформаціями у Центрально-Східній Європі впродовж другої половини XV ст. Поява потужних цивілізаційних викликів з боку новоутворених мусульманських держав – Османської імперії та Кримського ханства, змусила осіле християнське населення південних рубежів Литовсько-Руської держави, яким були мешканці Південної Київщини, дати адекватну відповідь. Нею стало українське козацтво, що було гарантом геополітичної стабільності всього Великого Кордону України. Цьому сприяло і невпинне зростання політичної самостійності козацтва.
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