Socio-political activity of Hrushevsky-immigrant in publicistic of the inter-war period
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Abstract. The purpose of the study is to clarify the peculiarities of M. Hrushevsky's contemporaries' understanding of his socio-political activity during the emigration period. The research methodology involves the use of principles, general scientific and special-historical methods of historiographical research. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the little-known problem of the attitude of contemporaries to various aspects of the socio-political activity of Hrushevsky-emigrant. Summing up the reception of M. Hrushevsky's socio-political activity during the emigration five-year period of his activity, we will point out the change in the ideological context, compared to the previous period. We are talking about the rapid stratification of Ukrainian politics under the influence of the defeat of the Liberation Struggles and the rapid Sovietization of the Dnipro territories. Therefore, those figures who were supporters of communist ideas and sympathized with the Soviet government retained their reverence for M. Hrushevsky as a prominent leader of Ukrainianism. In contrast, conservative opponents of his public legacy, who mainly represented the hetman and nationalist trends, were inclined to blame the defeat of the independence struggle on the leftist rhetoric of the chairman of the Central Rada and his party colleagues. Therefore, they branded M. Hrushevsky's emigre journalism as a manifestation of his chronic populism and illusions regarding the possibilities of equal federalization with the eternal enemy. In contrast, in the eyes of communist observers of Ukrainian politics, M. Hrushevsky continued to remain the largest political figure who symbolized the Ukrainian movement and gave it institutional subjectivity. This explains the fierce criticism of the scientist's public practice by Bolshevik publicists. However, both sympathizers and opponents of M. Hrushevsky, despite his gradual distancing from active politics, continued to recognize the importance of the scientist's public work as a figure not only of the all-Ukrainian, but also of the Eastern European scale.
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