Peculiarities of obtaining primary education in the cossack villages of Budzhak in the 19th century

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to study the features of obtaining primary education in the Cossack villages of Budzhak in the 19th century. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time a comprehensive assessment of the opportunities for students to receive primary education in Cossack villages in the 19th century has been proposed. The originality of the study is determined by the study of a separate important social group of the population - the Cossacks, which were separated from other residents of the region. Conclusions. During the study, materials from the Municipal Institution «Izmail Archive» and State Archives of Odesa region were processed, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. The specified archival documents and published statistical materials made it possible to show the features and general trends in obtaining primary education of school students in Cossack villages of Danube army; to compare their state of education with schools in neighboring settlements. It was found that only the largest villages in terms of population had the opportunity to maintain schools. Schools were opened on the initiative of the military leadership and parish clergy. The latter often became teachers in such schools. The appearance of Ataman I. Gangardt in the leadership resulted in the opening of many new prospects for education in the county school. It was determined that the peculiarities of education were the introduction by the military leadership of special educational subjects that were related to military affairs. The specificity of education was that military service by parents required children to be involved in household work. In turn, this distracted them from education. In addition, a characteristic special feature of education was the Russian language due to government policy, imperial military service and the presence of various ethnic groups serving in the Cossack army. An important and special aspect of education, and at the same time an incentive for knowledge, was the opportunity to become a clerk or clerk in the Military Board of the Cossack army. The most capable students could enter military educational institutions in the provincial centers of the empire. Despite the fact that education had an imperial military character and regulations, education provided an opportunity to obtain initial knowledge in grammar, mathematics, and reading.