Implementation of Energy and Communication Projects in the South Caucasus in the Context of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict (1993–2013)

Abstract

Abstract. Purpose. The article is devoted to the implementation of energy and communication projects in the South Caucasus. Scientific novelty. The mutual influence of regional conflicts and energy issues cannot be denied. Especially in such a complex region as the South Caucasus, existing and ongoing conflicts are among the main factors hindering the integration of the countries of the region into the world political and economic system. In particular, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which lasted from 1988 to 2020 and eventually ended with the restoration of the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, has long hampered the effective use of Azerbaijan’s energy resources for economic and social development, as well as active participation in ensuring global energy security. After Heydar Aliyev returned to power for the second time in 1993, he put an end to the political crisis and economic decline in the country, launching deep reforms for the welfare of his country. Despite the unresolved conflict, in May 1994 Heydar Aliyev was able to conclude a ceasefire agreement with Armenia and for this purpose developed a well-thought-out oil strategy, which he successfully implemented. The basis of this strategy was the conclusion of contracts with foreign companies for the use of Caspian oil, the construction of pipelines for the export of oil and gas, and an increase in investment in the country’s economy. After 2003, Ilham Aliyev successfully continued this strategy. Conclusions. As a result, by 2013, Azerbaijan became one of the leading countries in the world in terms of economic development. The commissioning of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipeline, the implementation of such international projects as the Southern Gas Corridor, TANAP, TAP, and the deepening of economic reforms gave a new impetus to the development of the country. Azerbaijan has become an important and reliable partner in ensuring Europe’s energy security. All this has ultimately allowed Azerbaijan to increase its military power, overtake Armenia in all development parameters and, finally, liberate its territories, ensuring sovereignty over its entire territory.