Problems of child homelessness in Ukraine of the 1920–30s: debatable issues of historiography
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Abstract
Introduction. Modern Ukrainian society is undergoing a stage of political reorganization of the system of state securement of the population, liberalization of property relations and economic activities, so it faced problems of deviant behavior of large groups of people - mass child neglect and homelessness, drug addiction and alcoholism, crime. Studying historical experience would be useful to establish a system for overcoming child homelessness.
Purpose. Historiographical analysis of Ukrainian and foreign sources of child homelessness in Ukraine in 1920-1930.
Results. Ukrainian and foreign scientists have been researching this problem since the 1920’s. Ukrainian sources can be divided into three main periods, during which there were books, dissertations, articles, collections of articles, reviews. The first covers the 20s, characterized by the emergence of a large amount of literature on the problems of street children. The second concerns the 30-80-ies, that is, the development of Soviet historiography. The third period since the 90s of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century, when it became possible ideology-independent study of child homelessness, its causes, forms and consequences. Mainly American, Russian and German researchers present foreign historiography of this problem. Modern Western historiography studies the daily life of Soviet society, applying various theoretical approaches. Russian historians also investigate the problems of eliminating child homelessness in the 20-30s, but on the materials of the RSFSR. German scientists studying the history of formation and functioning in Ukraine 20-30-s system of social and preventive arrangements for street children.
Originality. The degree of development of the topic in the historiography of the issue has recently been analyzed; the classification of literary sources is determined, the chronological, ideological and national features of the sources are revealed.
Conclusion. The problem of the history of the homelessness of children in Ukraine in the 1920’s and 30’s has been studied by both Ukrainian and foreign researchers, who had different approaches to studying, different degrees of influence of ideological factors, different goals of research, but in general it gives the possibility of a comprehensive and objective study of history child homelessness.
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References
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