Coverage of combat actions of the Second World War on the territory of Ukraine in the collection “Russian Archives: Great Patriotic War”
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Abstract
Abstract. Introduction. The proposed article reveals the main difficulties faced by researchers in studying the events of World War II in Ukraine. Namely, how objectively the factual basis of this period was formed. Therefore, the use of new documents allows to overcome the one-sidedness in the coverage of the complexity of hostilities in Ukraine. In this special place may be occupied by the use, still virtually unknown to researchers, the materials of the collections “Russian Archive. Great Patriotic War “, which contains many unique documents directly related to the planning and course of hostilities in Ukraine.
Historical works and materials on the history of the Second World War in Ukraine, which were created in Soviet times, do not provide adequate coverage of hostilities, the military-political command of the Red Army and the main political board and many other key moments of this period. Party and state institutions were the monopoly customers for all literature on the history of the war. Documents about the war were distorted during the war. The myth of 10 Stalinist coups is convincing evidence. Many aspects of the documents of the Stake and the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces related to the planning and implementation of defense and offensive operations in Ukraine allow us to trace the main causes of Red Army failures in the campaigns of 1941-1942, as well as Of Ukraine. Their main goal was to demonstrate the crimes of the Nazis and the heroism of the Red Army. Instead, the illiterate, and sometimes just criminal, orders of the Soviet command at the beginning of the war were deliberately ignored.
In addition, historians were quite transparently forbidden to touch on many important issues, ie research topics were strictly regulated by official censorship. This was primarily due to the fact that in this way the official circles hid from the public the full truth about the war. The use of any facts with a minus sign was prohibited. The work of historians was severely dependent on official interpretations of certain events, the role of researchers was often reduced to commenting and the ability to illustrate positive results, successes and victories. In addition, Ukrainian historiography was not independent, it developed and existed exclusively in the all-Union party-Soviet channel. It should be noted that this collection of documents was published in a very short time at the end of the perestroika in the conditions of a certain pluralism of the decrepit Soviet regime. But even at that time it was printed in a very small circulation.
Analysis and study of virtually unknown sources, which were published in the post-Soviet period and are now classified as “secret”, gives a unique opportunity for modern scientists to objectively reproduce the events of World War II in Ukraine.
Purpose. The aim of the article is a detailed study of the documents and materials of the collections of the series “Russian Archive. Red Series” and analysis of the information covered in them in order to obtain more objective facts directly related to the planning and course of hostilities in Ukraine. In order to carefully study the key aspects of large-scale and tragic events of World War II, which took place in Ukraine. In Soviet times, archival documents illustrated the official paradigm of interpretation of the events of World War II in Ukraine.
Results. The result of the study is the opportunity to obtain a more complete and objective coverage of the events of World War II in Ukraine thanks to, still virtually unknown researchers, unique materials from the series “Russian Archive. Red Series”.
Originality. The scientific novelty of the research results is that the formation and publication of the publication in the early 90’s, thanks to the energy and perseverance of O. Yakovlev is extremely important for researchers, and allows to more accurately recreate the extremely tragic period of World War II. This is especially important given that due to negative for democracy and pluralism views of the development of domestic political processes in the Russian Federation, access to them for researchers, as in the days of totalitarianism is closed again. Collections of a series of documents “Russian Archive. The Red Series” allows modern researchers to give an objective assessment of this period, to trace the true nature of hostilities, the efficiency of the reaction of the Soviet military and political leadership to the changes taking place on the fronts.
Conclusion. Thus, the inclusion in the scientific circulation of new documents and materials contained in a series of collections makes it possible to significantly expand the source base for studying the events of World War II in Ukraine and to conduct an objective study of this period. Of particular value is information on important strategic operations, as well as highlighting difficulties and miscalculations in the operational management of troops during defense. It should be noted that the collection includes documents of Soviet governmental and military structures, including the USSR State Defense Committee, the Supreme Command, the People’s Commissariat of Defense, the General Staff, the Front Command and the Army.
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