Development of industrial crafts on the ‘Zadniprsky places’ territory of Hetmanate in 17th – first half of 18th

Анотація

Introduction. The article deals with the level of development of crafts – fishing, hunting, beekeeping, and mynstration in the territory of the Zadniprsky places of the Hetmanate during the XVII – the first half of the XVIII century, having analyzed the available documentary and historiographical writing sources.

The purpose of the article is this to consider the level of development of crafts – fishing, hunting, beekeeping, and mynarstration in the territory of the Zadniprsky places of the Hetmanate during the XVII - the first half of the XVIII century, having analyzed the available documentary and historiographical written sources.

Results. During the days of the protectorate of the Rzeczpospolita area by the river Tysmyn until the end of the XVI century belonged to the industrial care of the Cherkassy castle and the old mansion, where nurses were doing crafts, such as fishing, hunting, boarding. At the end of the XVI at the beginning of the ХVІІ century to protect the border of the Polish Kingdom from the raids of the tatars, on the river Tyasmin, a number of settlements were organized under the royal orders. When establishing settlements, such as from Chyhyryn, Krylov, their sedentary and inhabitants were allowed to use for livelihoods and income for beer and fish, to establish apiaries and to build mills. There was also the provision of the territory and the granting of rights to engage in crafts within its borders for government officials. To the south-west of the Krylov lands for industrial enterprises, the land of the inhabitants of Chyhyrynshchyna and the inhabited inhabitants from other right-bank territories were located, and to the south – the zadniprsky possessions (land) of the inhabitants of Kremenchuk and other left-bank Dnipro Cossack hundreds. During the period from the end of the XVII – in the first half of the sixteenth century the inhabitants of the pridniprovsky hundreds of the Mirgorod and Poltava regiments of the Hetmanate (in its overwhelming majority), whose large share was originated from the former Chigirin regiment, who moved to the Malorossiysk regiments in the 1711–1712 biennium, lived on their farms in the zadniprovsk territory from the Dnieper to the Bug.

The level of development of the crafts of the former Zadnitsky places of the Hetmanate was not the subject of a separate study in Ukrainian historical science, and this topic still remains poorly researched. During the study of this topic, the author uses the available written sources and information on historiographical literature. Documents on the ownership of the Zadniprisky soils (as well as some other - the description of the territory, registers of apiaries and mills, hetman universals), provide information about the presence of beasts and fish, apiaries, mills in a certain territory, and, respectively, make it possible to determine a certain level the development of crafts (fishing, hunting), boarding (beekeeping), millinery. The research provides a rather solid, historically interesting data on the development of industrial and land, forest, water, apiaries and mills in the Zadniprsky places, and substantially complements the historical study of the level of development of industries – fisheries, hunting, beekeeping, and the ministries of the Hetmanate as a whole.

Conclusion. Natural conditions contributed to the development of crafts in the territory. As can be seen from the sources, the fishery in the territory beyond the river Tyssyn and Vysytsia Great, were quite common occupations of the population in the XVII century. During the seventeenth century. to the local rivers and their influx, steppe and forest tracts, inhabitants of the fertile territories "went" to the seasonal crafts - hunting, fishing, boarding and other kinds, often organized by the Ukrainian and Polish administrations and the ruling gentry, the Cossack "registered" the elder and the Cossacks, who over time appropriated and mastered land, forest, water lands on the rights of the Zamanishi, redeemed the right to own and use them (with the attempt to secure ownership rights, documented by the Polish or Russian government, and the Cossack elder, hetman) in economic for the money paid to the government or the Cossack treasury, built mills, created their apiaries here and set up farms in the farms. Over time, in the first half of the eighteenth century, fishing, fishing, hunting, beekeeping, and multinationalism in the territory of the Zadniprsky places of the Hetmanate reached a rather high level of development.