Young rural population in sports movement of the USRR

Анотація

Introduction. Under current conditions of the policy of decentralization considerable attention is paid to the youth questions. The development of modern young rural population is accompanied by existence of broad range of problems. The topical issue is the development of mechanisms and the creation of proper conditions for a holistic personal growth, which includes both spiritual and physical development. Today the challenging task is to educate the physically healthy young people, which in turn will contribute to the security of the state and the formation of the active civil society. Taking this into consideration it is expedient to the research and rethinking of historical experience in attracting young rural population to physical education and sports in 1920’s.

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the participation of young rural population in the physical culture and sports movement during the 1920’s. The object is young rural population. The subject is the study of organizational principles and forms of development of physical culture and sports in the rural localities of the USRR.

Results. As part of study made it clear that a number of issues on the history of development of physical culture and sports in rural localities of the USRR have hardly been developed by modern researchers. The author has been established that a physical culture in an investigated period executed such functions as healthful, cultural and educational, military-patriotic and education of spirit of collectivism. The sports-mass movement of youth in the rural localities was headed by trade unions and the Komsomol. Public organizations such as “Peasant houses” became the centers of physical work. The organizational form of exercise was physical circles. In the development of rural physical education and sports, there were problems of financial and material nature. The grave problem was the lack of qualified specialists, instructors and trainers. For this reason in rural regions were introduced the simplest forms of physical training: running, jumping, gymnastics, rope pulling and mass sport games. In an investigated period the most popular sport game among young rural population was football.

Conclusions. On the ground of available historical sources, the author has been found that physical culture and sports were one of the authorized forms of leisure for young rural population of the USRR. The Soviet system considered physical activity and sport as a means of control and influence over the young rural generation. Despite some successes in the distribution of physical culture and sports in the countryside, the active inclusion of young people in it, the attitude towards physical education and sports had two faces. The peasants with their traditional worldview is often ironically treated the introduction of physical education and did not understand its necessity. Hard physical work has filled nearly all the time of the peasants, therefore, physical culture and sport is not seen as a form of leisure and recreation.